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Welcome to my blog! My name is Lindsay and I am a graduate student studying English as a Second Language at Georgetown College. This site was created to help you meet the academic and social needs of your English Language Learners. Here you will find links to collaboration, testing, planning, and more.

Wednesday, October 9, 2013

The Shutdown and Education

As the government is in the midst of  a shut down, I can't help but wonder how this will effect teachers and the education system. The article below from Politics K:12 helps break it down between a short down shut down and a long term one.

This from Politics K:12:
So it's happened: Congress was unable to reach agreement on temporary spending plan to keep the government open—and the U.S. Department of Education and other government agencies are on partial shutdown. It's the first time this has happened since the Clinton administration, back in 1995 and 1996.
While that means a much quieter day at 400 Maryland Ave, most schools and school districts aren't going to be immediately affected by a short-term shutdown. A longer-term shutdown, however, could cause more headaches. See our preview here of the Education Department's shutdown plan.
Below are the answers to some frequently asked questions about what happens now:
How many people will report to work at the Education Department? A lot fewer than usual. More than 90 percent of the department's employees—about 4,000 people in all—will be furloughed for the first week of the shutdown. U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, of course, still has to come in. If the shutdown goes on for more than a week, more employees could return on a temporary basis, but it would not be more than 6 percent of the department's staff.
This could lead to a frustrating situation for districts and state education agencies that are trying to get quick answers to their questions—furloughed federal employees aren't even supposed to be checking their work email today.
Will there be any delay to formula funds, such as Title I, special education, and career and technical education? For the most part, no. Employees will be on hand to ensure that roughly $22 billion in formula funds to states and districts makes it out the door, as scheduled, in October.
What about competitive-grant programs? Race to the Top, Investing and Innovation, and Promise Neighborhoods still have fiscal year 2013 money left that needs to be allocated by Dec. 31. Department employees may return to finish that job. (Fiscal year 2013 technically ended on Sept. 30.)
What about student loans and college aid? Pell grants and federal student loans would largely be unaffected by the shutdown. Campus-based aid programs, such as Work Study, wouldn't be so lucky.
Impact Aid always seems to be a special case in these federal budget situations. Is that the deal this time? Sort of. Districts that receive federal Impact Aid dollars usually don't get their money until late October, even in a typical, functional budget year, according to John Forkenbrock, the executive director of the National Association of Federally Impacted Schools. (Impact Aid goes out to some 1,200 districts that lose out on tax revenue, thanks to a federal presence, such as a Native American reservation or a military base nearby.)
If the shutdown goes on for a long time though—or if Congress passes a series of very short-term extension measures keeping the government open for just a week or two while lawmakers hammer out their differences, things could get messy for Impact Aid districts. Last year, for example, some had to ask for an advanced payment on some of their funding, in part because there were so many short-term spending bills.
But so far, the districts aren't in full-on alarm mode. "I haven't had anybody call yet in a panic state," Forkenbrock said.
What about money from other agencies? School lunch? E-rate? Head Start? Funding for most child nutrition programs, including school lunch and school breakfast programs, which are run  by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, will continue through October. More in the USDA's shutdown plan.
Head Start, which is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is trickier. There are some 1,600 grantees but just 23 would have their grants affected by a short-term shutdown, according to an HHS spokesman. Overall, those centers serve nearly 19,000 children.
So are all of those children stuck at home today? Not necessarily, the spokesman said. Some programs' budgets might be able to accommodate a temporary delay in funding; others may fill in with reserve funds. More in the HHS shutdown plan.
As for the E-rate, the funds will continue to flow during the shutdown. The Universal Service Administrative Company, which administers the program, is essentially separate from the federal government, so it will be business as usual. The only caveat? If USAC needs guidance from the Federal Communications Commission, which oversees E-Rate, it will have to wait until after the shutdown.
Overall, that doesn't sound so bad. A short-term shutdown really isn't so bad, for most districts. In fact, if the shutdown doesn't last very long, most may not notice a huge difference, said Noelle Ellerson, the associate executive director for policy and advocacy at the American Association of School Administrators.
"With a short term shutdown, the impact won't be any more discernible to school districts than the current dysfunction attributable to sequestration and the lack of ESEA reauthorization," she said.
A longer-term shutdown is a different animal. "A protracted delay in Department obligations and payments beyond one week would severly curtail the cash flow to school districts, colleges and universities, and vocational rehabilitation agencies that depend on the Department to support their services," department officials wrote in their shutdown plan.
What happens down the road? This might not be the last fiscal showdown, by a long shot. In fact, we've got another deadline coming up soon—Congress must raise the debt ceiling, likely in mid-October. If lawmakers can't make that happen, there could be major implications for school districts, states—and the overall economy. That could be much worse than the shutdown. More on this here.
That doesn't sound good at all. Why is this happening? It has nothing to do with schools, really. Instead, it's all about whether there should be a temporary delay (or defunding) of the president's landmark Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare. Everything you ever wanted to know about how we got to this point in the budget crisis and where we're going here.
Advocates are watching the situation closely—and are hoping for some certainty soon. "As educators work to ensure that every student has the best possible chance to succeed, instability in federal funding - including the sequester, the shutdown, and possible issues around the debt ceiling - threatens our ability to deliver a world-class education," said Carissa Miller, the deputy executive director of the Council of Chief State School Officers.
So what has it been like to be working at a government agency in the midst of all this? Sort of strange, employees say. It's made the end of the federal fiscal year, usually a busy time, even more hectic.
"Employees have worked extremely hard to make sure that all grants and contracts are awarded and other matters completed under the pressure of the ending of the fiscal year," said Cameron French, a spokesman for the Education Department. "We continue to make sure that our students, teachers, and schools are supported, while facing the possibility of challenging circumstances."
What does Duncan have to say about all this? He's not too happy with Congress, as you can imagine. "Right now our country faces stark choices: We can continue to play politics with the budget and the debt ceiling, or we can fund a federal government that Americans count on," the education secretary said in a speech Monday at the National Press Club.

ELL students with Special Needs

I recently came across this article from a colleague's blog. This article is wonderful for ELL students with special needs. It provides teachers with tips and resources for meeting your students' needs.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/how-to-podcast.htm

reblogged from MazzocchiESL

Thursday, October 3, 2013

Involving Parents as Cultural Mediators

Parents can act as cultural mediators in several ways. Teachers who are willing to reach out to parents often are rewarded with a greater understanding of their students' potential.
These ways can include:
  • Establish an explicit open- door policy so parents feel welcome
  • Send written information home in regards to classroom updates and assignments. Encourage parents for feedback
  • Call parents or have conferences to discuss student progress- don't forget to mention when things are going well and the child's achievements. Let the parents know you are available for them.
  • Suggest specific ways parents can help with assignments
  • Get to know and understand the community. This can be done by visiting, and letting the parents know you are available for home visits if necessary
  • Solicit parents' views on education through a simple questionnaire or interview.




Adapted from Banks (2004)

Wednesday, September 25, 2013

Comprehensibility

Comprehensibility means the understanding of what is being taught or discussed. According to SDAIE (Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English)makes it different from mainstream instruction. Comprehensibility can be increased in four different ways:
1. Contextualization: This means "the verbal presentation of a lesson is supplemented by the use of manipulatives, realia, media, and visual backup as teachers write key words and concepts on the board; the use of graphs, pictures, maps, and other physical proper to communicate, or by technology" (Diaz- Rico & Weed, 2010). This appeals to different learning styles of students.
2. Modeling: This aspect includes using hands- on, explanations where students are able to follow step by step to understand new concepts.
3. Speech Adjustment: One way to adjust your speech is to monitor personal language usage and reduce teacher talking in the classroom. This allows for the students to have more opportunities to accommodate their students' evolving proficiency.
4. Comprehension Checks: Teachers should take into consideration a linguistic hierarchy of question types. This includes nonverbal responses during a silent period, yes/ no or multiple choice responses in the beginning, and once more comfortable ask open ended questions.

Learning Language Structure

One aspect that is important to remember in regards to language learners in the nonverbal communication aspect. "This nonverbal system involves sending and receiving messages through gesture, facial expression, eye contact, posture, and tone of voice" (Diaz- Rico & Weed, 2010). Think about how hard it would be to learn a completely new verbal language. Then, throw in nonverbal communication. There is no written code or rules in regards to this. Mainstream teachers need to remember that body language can actually impede communication due to cultural differences. Gestures are another controversial nonverbal sign of communication. Gestures are used throughout different countries, however have many different meanings than what we are used to. As teachers, we need to become culturally sensitive and aware of these differences.

Sociocultural Support for L1 in the Classroom Environment

Different sociocultural factors provide positive results in education for ELL students. One aspect is in the form of cooperative learning. "Positive race relations among students and socialization toward pro-social values and behaviors are potential outcomes of a cooperative- learning environment" (Diaz- Rico & Weed, 2010). As a result, there may be a sense of comfort in the school environment with students from different cultures. "Students may gain psychological support from one another as they acquire English, and this support can help the students work as a group with the teacher to achieve a workable sociocultural compromise between the use of L1 and L2" (Diaz- Rice & Weed, 2010).

Tuesday, September 24, 2013

Title III District Procedures

This week, I went to research how my district published and trained personnel in regards to Title III. To my surprise, there wasn't much posted on the district website except for the legal definition. However, I searched on BroadyESL and was able to find a wonderful article that helped explain the best practices used based on federal and state regulations.
http://broadyesl.wordpress.com/2012/09/25/title-iii-limited-english-proficient-lep-immigrant-students-district-procedures-nclb-requirements/

Monday, September 23, 2013

Integrating Language Skills

When discussing the four domains, I often feel that they are discussed separately. However, this should not be the case with instruction. According to Diaz- Rico & Weed, writing, reading, listening, and speaking should be combined. This will help develop the language skills in a unified way. It also helps reinforce one skill by using another. This allows for "language to convert from receptive (listening and reading) to productive (speaking and writing) and vice versa" (Diaz- Rice & Weed, 2010).

Sunday, September 22, 2013

Krashen’s Monitor Model

Krashen's Monitor Model believed that people acquire second- language structures in a predictable order. However, this was only the case if they obtained comprehensible input, "and if their anxiety is low enough to allow input" (Diaz- Rico & Weed, 2010). This theory includes five hypothesis:
- The Acquisition- Learning Hypothesis: acquisition and learning are two separate processes in mastering a second language.
- The Natural Order Hypothesis: Krashen believed there is a natural order of acquisition of English morphemes.
- The Monitor Hypothesis: This is an error detecting mechanism. This checks for accuracy and edits.
- The Input Hypothesis: Language is acquired through comprehensible input. This includes using a variety of techniques and modalities. It also includes visual and kinesthetic to make sure speech is understandable.
- The Affective Filter Hypothesis: This address emotional variables. This includes anxiety, motivation, and self- confidence. These emotions can block or facilitate input from reaching the language acquisition device (LAD).

Tuesday, September 17, 2013

YouTube Video Using Web 2.0 Tools for Alternative Assessment of ESL Students

Reblogged from broadyesl:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe1HLs367VQ&feature=player_embedded

TESOL Standards vs. TESOL Technology Standards

It is sometimes confusing to distinguish between TESOL standards and TESOL Technology Standards. Below, I typed up a short description using both books that hopefully will hope clarify between the two.

TESOL Technology Standards: The TESOL technology standards provide standards that are based on technology integration. These standards help provide a better understanding and how they can be applied in different contexts. The TESOL technology standards are very helpful because it provides assistance with available technology. This can include little technology or a greater amount. The resources provide technology alternatives since technology plays an important role in ELL academic success. There are three goals TESOL provides. 1. Language learners demonstrate foundational knowledge and skills in technology for a multilingual world. 2. Language learners use technology in socially and culturally appropriate, legal, and ethical ways. 3. Language learners effectively use and critically evaluate technology- based tools as aids in the development of their language learning competence as part of formal instruction and for further learning. 

TESOL Proficiency Standards: The TESOL Standards consist of five different standards for ELL students. The first standard is based on a need for social, intercultural, and instructional purposes. The other standards focus on academic areas that include math, science, language arts, and social students. . TESOL standards are joined with lesson plans to make sure all parts of the lesson reach certain objectives. TESOL has a focus on language proficiency in schools. These standards reflect academic language proficiency that is connected to content standards for ELL students based on English proficiency.

TESOL Technology and the classroom

This article helped discus the importance of implementing TESOL technology standards into the classroom. It isn't long, however is worth reading.

http://newsmanager.commpartners.com/tesoleeis/issues/2012-11-13/3.html

Sunday, September 8, 2013

ELLs and Running Records: Miscue Analysis

I recently came across an article on BroadyESL in regards to Running Records and ELL students. As a first grade reading teacher, running records are completed on a weekly basis, and I am constantly looking for ways to better my approaches with ELL students. WIDA created a list of "tips" that should be taken into consideration. These includes providing sufficient processing time, fully understanding miscues, and even learning more about your student's native language. This article is a must read!
http://widaatwcer.blogspot.com/2013/03/running-records-and-ells-miscue-analysis.html

Friday, August 23, 2013

Indian Culture

Below you will find a video regarding Indian culture. You will also find tips for teachers on how to create a culturally responsive school and how to help parents become more involved.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBUJtT1y-NA

Thursday, July 18, 2013

Chinese Wedding Traditions

One thing I find very interesting is the concept of wedding traditions around the world. Today, I researched wedding traditions in China. This site contains both past and present wedding traditions in the Chinese culture. One thing I thought was interesting was when planning the wedding date. "Auspicious days are subject to interpretation by fortune tellers that perform the analysis based on one’s birth date (day and hour) after consultation with the Chinese almanac." I know when my husband and I got married, we looked for open dates for the venue and the pastor. I also thought it was neat how history and ancient traditions are important. I especially like when the importance of letters are discussed.
"Request Letter: This letter confirms the formal arrangement of a marriage.  It is sent by the groom's family to the bride's family.  This letter is normally presented with the initial gifts for the bride's family.
Gift Letter This letter accompanies the formal gifts for the Bride's family.  It is actually a gift list that records the description and quantity of the gifts.
Wedding Letter This letter is presented to the bride's family on th day of the wedding.  It confirms the act of bringing the bride into the groom's family."
http://www.chinese-poems.com/wedcus.html

Teaching Tip: Teaching Comprehension Strategies for ELLs

Comprehension can be somewhat difficult for ELL's. Consider these tips when teaching comprehension
  • Introduce the comprehension strategy (this can include sequencing, making inferences, comparing/contrasting, relating background knowledge, distinguishing between fact and opinion, finding the main idea and details, problem solving, self- questioning, summarizing, drawing conclusions)
  • Discuss how, when, where and why the strategy is used. Give specific examples
  • Label, define, model and explain the strategies
  • Discuss how the strategy was applied
Even more practice for ELLs can include:
  • Identifying vocabulary words
  • Model think alouds
  • Demonstrate strategies to help clarify the text
  • Plan for self- assessment

Friday, July 5, 2013

Mixing Languages

In Bilingual Life and Reality, the myth presented is that language mixing in children is a due to laziness. However, this is not the case.  "It is important to view within- and between-language mechanisms (overgeneralizations, simplifications, interferences, and so on) as strategies employed by children in their effort to use their weaker language" (193). Some other possible reasons include such as interference, filling in language gaps in the weaker language, and language mode (monolingual mode vs. bilingual mode). This helps to have an understanding as to why children may mix languages. 

Thursday, June 27, 2013

Gestures, Meanings, and Culture

Gestures often cause miscommunication due to cultural differences among countries. This short video provides some insight into how these gestures that we are accustomed to can be taken the wrong way.


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRQSRed58XM

Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Cultural Misunderstandings

Here is a video that Dr. B shared with us this week. It shows some wonderful examples of cultural misunderstandings that occurred during a business meeting.

Tuesday, June 25, 2013

Benefits of Bilingualism

I recently came across an article on BroadyESL on the benefits of bilingualism. I often wondered this before, however when I came across this it seemed to answer all of my questions. Some benefits include linguistic, cognitive, and linguistic benefits, individual benefits, as well as social benefits.

http://www.sc-languages-plus.info/2013/language-learning/the-benefits-of-bilingualism-06041163